Thymosin Alpha-1

What is Thymosin Alpha-1?

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a synthetic 28-amino acid peptide originally isolated from thymic tissue and classified as a thymic peptide fragment. It is widely studied in laboratory research for its role in immune modulation and cellular immune system signaling. With a molecular weight of approximately 3108.3 g/mol (~3.1 kDa), Thymosin Alpha-1 has been investigated in experimental models focusing on immune regulation, T-cell modulation, and adaptive immune response dynamics. This peptide is supplied in lyophilized powder form with high purity (>95%), verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry to ensure consistency, stability, and reproducibility in laboratory studies.

Product Specifications

• Product Name: Thymosin Alpha-1
• Synonym: Thymalfasin
• CAS Number: 62304-98-7
• Chemical Formula: C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅
• Molecular Weight: 3108.3 g/mol
• Sequence: Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH
• Purity: >95% (HPLC and MS verified, research grade)
• Appearance: White to off-white lyophilized powder
• Quantity: 10 mg per vial

What are the key features of Thymosin Alpha-1?

Thymosin Alpha-1 is formulated for controlled scientific use, typically provided as a sterile lyophilized powder in a sealed vial format. It has been studied for its role in immune modulation and cellular adaptability. Key features include:

• High purity (>95%) verified through HPLC and mass spectrometry
• 28-amino acid structure consistent with naturally occurring thymic fragments
• Lyophilized powder format for precise reconstitution
• Studied for T-cell modulation and immune system research applications
• Stable under standard frozen storage conditions (–20°C or lower)
• For laboratory research use only

Researchers who buy thymosin alpha 1 receive a product formulated for precision in immune system studies and metabolic research.

How is Thymosin Alpha-1 synthesized?

Thymosin Alpha-1 is synthesized using solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), which ensures precise amino acid sequence assembly. This technique guarantees structural consistency across batches and supports high analytical purity. The synthetic peptide is bioequivalent to naturally-derived thymosin alpha-1 and meets research-grade specifications for both laboratory and experimental use. After synthesis, the peptide undergoes purification using HPLC and is verified by mass spectrometry to ensure molecular integrity. The final product is lyophilized to enhance stability for long-term storage.

What is Thymosin Alpha-1 being studied for? What are its possible benefits?

Thymosin Alpha-1 has been extensively studied for its potential to modulate immune responses. Research models have focused on its effects on T-cell development, immune cell signaling, and stress response mechanisms. The thymosin alpha 1 peptide is used in research to explore immune-related pathways and immune system dynamics. Key areas of investigation include:

• T-cell maturation and differentiation
• Natural killer (NK) cell activation
• Dendritic cell priming
• Cytokine modulation for immune responses

Disclaimer: These studies are conducted in laboratory and preclinical models only. Research findings do not imply therapeutic or clinical utility.

How does Thymosin Alpha-1 work in research studies?

In laboratory studies, Thymosin Alpha-1 is thought to influence immune cell communication by interacting with T-cell development pathways. Research suggests it may:

• Enhance T-cell maturation and differentiation from thymic precursors
• Activate NK cells, enhancing their cytotoxic activity
• Prime dendritic cells, improving antigen-presenting capacity for better immune recognition

The exact mechanisms are still under investigation, with studies focusing on the peptide’s ability to modulate immune responses. These findings are experimental and should be interpreted in the context of research studies.

What dosing information exists for Thymosin Alpha-1?

Preclinical animal model studies have used doses ranging from 50 to 1000 µg/kg (subcutaneous administration), depending on the disease model and species. Common dosing regimens include:

• Infectious disease/sepsis models: 100–500 µg/kg
• Oncology/tumor models: 200–800 µg/kg
• General immune stimulation: 50–200 µg/kg

Dosing is typically administered 1-3 times weekly or daily, depending on the research protocol. Disclaimer: No human dosing guidelines exist. This compound is for research use only.

How should Thymosin Alpha-1 be stored and handled?

Thymosin Alpha-1 should be stored at –20°C or lower to preserve structural integrity. It must be protected from moisture, heat, and light to prevent degradation. After reconstitution, the peptide should be stored at 2–8°C and used within 7–14 days in a neutral pH buffer (pH 7.2–7.4). Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided to ensure peptide stability. Reconstitution recommendations: Dissolve in sterile water for injection or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for optimal stability and biological activity. Aseptic technique is required when reconstituting, and sterile syringes, needles, and containers should be used to maintain sample integrity and prevent contamination.

Where can I read more research about Thymosin Alpha-1?

For additional information on Thymosin Alpha-1 and its role in immune modulation, researchers can explore the following peer-reviewed studies:

1. Peng R, Xu C, Zheng H, Lao X. Modified Thymosin Alpha 1 Distributes and Inhibits the Growth of Lung Cancer in Vivo. ACS Omega. 2020;5(18):10374-10381. Published 2020 Apr 27. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c00220
2. Matteucci C, Minutolo A, Balestrieri E, et al. Thymosin Alpha 1 Mitigates Cytokine Storm in Blood Cells From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;8(1):ofaa588. Published 2020 Dec 5. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa588
3. Solmonese L, Lofiego MF, Fazio C, et al. The Immunomodulatory Activity of Thymosin Alpha 1 on Tumor Cell Lines and Distinct Immune Cell Subsets. Onco Targets Ther. 2025;18:995-1012. Published 2025 Sep 10. doi:10.2147/OTT.S527785
4. Li J, Liu CH, Wang FS. Thymosin alpha 1: biological activities, applications and genetic engineering production. Peptides. 2010;31(11):2151-2158. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.026

Compliance Statement

This product is intended for laboratory research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary use.