KPV (5mg)

What is KPV (5mg)?

KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a short tripeptide made up of three amino acids: lysine, proline, and valine. It is a fragment derived from the C-terminal region of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide involved in immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. Due to its small size and structural simplicity, KPV has attracted interest in laboratory research focusing on cellular signaling and immune response mechanisms. It has been studied for its potential interactions with inflammatory pathways and cellular signaling, though these investigations have primarily been conducted in preclinical and laboratory settings.

What are the key features of KPV (5mg)?

KPV (5mg) is supplied as a lyophilized peptide, suitable for controlled laboratory handling. As a fragment of α-MSH, it is often used in studies examining peptide fragments and their biological activity in cell cultures or experimental models. Key features of KPV (5mg) include:

• Peptide sequence: Lys-Pro-Val (tripeptide)
• CAS Number: 112965-21-6
• Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₃₀N₄O₄
• Molecular weight: 342.43 g/mol
• Purity: ≥98%, confirmed using HPLC analysis
• Format: Lyophilized powder in a sterile research vial
• Research interest: Inflammatory signaling and cellular regulatory pathways
• Verification: Analytical confirmation using HPLC and mass spectrometry (MS)

How is KPV (5mg) synthesized?

KPV used in research settings is produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), a widely used method for constructing peptides with precise amino acid sequences. In this process, individual amino acids are added step-by-step to a growing peptide chain anchored to a solid support, ensuring accurate assembly of the Lys-Pro-Val sequence. After synthesis, the peptide is purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to remove incomplete sequences and impurities. Mass spectrometry (MS) is then used to confirm the peptide's molecular weight and structural integrity. The purified peptide is lyophilized to produce a stable powder suitable for laboratory storage and use.

What is KPV (5mg) being studied for? What are its possible benefits?

KPV has been studied primarily because it is a bioactive fragment derived from α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Research has focused on how this small peptide may interact with immune signaling and inflammatory responses. Laboratory experiments have examined KPV in models exploring epithelial barrier function and inflammatory markers. Other areas of interest include studies on KPV’s potential role in regulating immune-related signaling molecules and cytokine activity. Some studies also explore whether KPV influences cellular responses related to tissue homeostasis or stress. However, these findings remain part of ongoing research, and current knowledge is primarily derived from preclinical and in-vitro studies.

How does KPV (5mg) work in research studies?

In laboratory studies, KPV is investigated for its potential interactions with cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammatory responses. Derived from α-MSH, the peptide is studied for its potential to influence immune system regulation and inflammatory mediator production. Experimental research suggests that KPV may affect biochemical pathways associated with inflammatory mediator production or epithelial barrier function in cultured cells. However, these interactions are still being explored, and the current understanding is based on laboratory studies rather than clinical outcomes.

What dosing information exists for KPV (5mg)?

Available dosing information for KPV primarily comes from preclinical studies, including cell culture experiments and animal models. In some research contexts, KPV has been studied at doses ranging from microgram-level per kilogram of body weight, depending on the experimental design. In vitro studies typically evaluate KPV at various concentrations within cell culture systems to observe changes in inflammatory markers or cellular responses. However, there are no established human dosing guidelines for this peptide. Dosing parameters vary widely across research protocols and should only be interpreted in the context of experimental studies.

How should KPV (5mg) be stored and handled?

Lyophilized KPV should be stored at –20 °C in a dry, sealed environment. The peptide should be protected from light and moisture, as these factors can affect peptide structural integrity. Proper storage conditions help preserve the peptide's structure and minimize degradation. After reconstitution in a sterile solvent, solutions are generally stored at 2–8 °C for short-term use. Researchers should avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles to minimize degradation. Peptide integrity may vary depending on handling procedures and environmental exposure.

Where can I read more research about KPV (5mg)?

1. Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(3):324-331. doi:10.1002/ibd.20334
2. Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026
3. Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, et al. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Ther. 2017;25(7):1628-1640. doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.020
4. Pawar K, Kolli CS, Rangari VK, Babu RJ. Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Lysine-Proline-Valine (KPV) Peptide Across Microporated Human Skin. J Pharm Sci. 2017;106(7):1814-1820. doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.017
5. Getting SJ, Schiöth HB, Perretti M. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(2):631-637. doi:10.1124/jpet.103.051623

Compliance Statement

This product is intended for laboratory research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary use.